The basic structure and principle of self-balancing multistage pump

The self-balancing multistage pump is an efficient and reliable type of water pump, which is widely used in petrochemical, electric power, metallurgy, mining and other fields. Its unique structural design can effectively balance the axial force, improve the running stability and prolong the service life.

• Basic structure

The self-balancing multistage pump is mainly composed of the following parts:
1. Pump body: The pump body is the main pressure-bearing component of the water pump. It usually adopts a segmented structure, which consists of the water inlet section, the middle section and the water outlet section. The sections are connected by bolts to form a continuous flow channel inside.
2. Impeller: The impeller is the core component of the water pump. Its function is to convert mechanical energy into kinetic energy and pressure energy of the liquid. The self-balancing multistage pump usually adopts a back-to-back impeller design, that is, two impellers are installed back to back to balance the axial force.
3. Pump shaft: The pump shaft is used to transmit power and support the impeller and other rotating parts. The pump shaft is usually made of high-strength alloy steel and is precisely processed and heat treated.
4. Bearing: The bearing is used to support the pump shaft and reduce friction resistance. Self-balancing multistage pumps usually use rolling bearings or sliding bearings.
5. Balancing device: The balancing device is used to balance the axial force and improve the running stability. Self-balancing multistage pumps usually use a balancing disc or a balancing drum structure.
6. Sealing device: The sealing device is used to prevent liquid leakage. Self-balancing multistage pumps usually use mechanical seals or packing seals.
7. Inlet and outlet flanges: The inlet and outlet flanges are used to connect the pipelines, and are usually connected with standard flanges.

• Working principle

The working principle of the self-balancing multistage pump is based on the principle of centrifugal force. When the motor drives the pump shaft to rotate, the impeller rotates with it. The liquid in the impeller is thrown to the outer edge of the impeller under the action of centrifugal force. At the same time, a low-pressure area is formed in the center of the impeller. The liquid continuously flows in from the inlet under the action of the pressure difference. After the impeller does work, the pressure increases and is discharged from the outlet.
Self-balancing principle:
The self-balancing multistage pump uses a back-to-back impeller. The axial forces generated by the two impellers are in opposite directions and offset each other, thereby achieving self-balancing of the axial force. In addition, the balancing disc or balancing drum structure can further balance the residual axial force to ensure the stable operation of the pump shaft.

• Performance characteristics

High efficiency and energy saving: The self-balancing multistage pump adopts advanced hydraulic model and manufacturing process, with high efficiency and low energy consumption.
Stable operation: The self-balancing structure effectively balances the axial force, reduces vibration and noise, and operates stably and reliably.
Long service life: It adopts high-quality materials and precision processing, is wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and has a long service life.
Convenient maintenance: The structural design is reasonable, easy to disassemble and assemble, and the maintenance cost is low.

Application field

Self-balancing multistage pumps are widely used in the following fields:
Petrochemical: used for conveying crude oil, refined oil, chemical raw materials, etc.
Electricity: used for boiler feed water, circulating water, condensate water and other systems.
Metallurgy: used for blast furnace water supply, continuous casting cooling, steel rolling descaling, etc.
Mining: used for mine drainage, ore dressing plant water supply, etc.
Municipal engineering: used for urban water supply, drainage, sewage treatment, etc.

Selection guide

The following factors need to be considered when choosing a suitable self-balancing multistage pump:
Flow rate: the flow rate of the required liquid to be conveyed.
Head: The head height of the required conveying liquid.
Medium: The properties of the conveying liquid, such as temperature, viscosity, corrosiveness, etc.
Environment: The temperature, humidity, altitude, etc. of the installation environment.

Maintenance

Regular inspection: Regularly check the wear of the pump body, impeller, bearings and other parts, and replace the worn parts in time.
Lubrication maintenance: Regularly lubricate the bearings to ensure good lubrication.
Seal maintenance: Regularly check the sealing performance of the sealing device and replace damaged seals in time.
Preventive maintenance: Develop a preventive maintenance plan, perform regular maintenance, and extend the service life of the water pump.
Self-balancing multistage pumps are widely used in many fields due to their advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, stable operation, and long service life. Understanding its basic structure, working principle, performance characteristics and application fields is of great significance for the correct selection and use of self-balancing multistage pumps.